Eating Meat Essay Example for Free

Eating Meat Essay Reason 1: Meat eating in people is a characteristic marvel that has been rehearsed since ancient occasions, as confirm by human dental structure and some logical examinations. Reason 2: Not eating meat can prompt different medical issues except if there is an intensive comprehension of the dietary needs of the human body and the individual guarantees measures are taken to keep up great wellbeing. This isn't attainable in lacking nations, innate societies or different social orders that don't yet have the benefit of cutting edge science and innovation that guides in understanding the different needs of the human body. End: Yes, it is moral to eat meat. ___ The subject of in the case of eating meat is moral or not infers a presumption of an all inclusive standard of morals, so in the case of eating meat is moral or not should be tended to from various perspectives. The morals of meat eating is exceptionally subjectiveâ€it relies upon numerous variables, for example, culture and religion. From a (general) strict angle, meat eating isn't exploitative. Most religions don't completely prohibit eating meat. Likewise, there has been proof for the â€Å"naturalness† of meat eating. As prove by some logical examinations, (for example, a snappy web search (http://tinyurl.com/a6mdk) will raise), meat eating has been polished by people since ancient times. Truth be told, the digestion of creature protein is the most straightforward method of forestalling some medical issues (it is not necessarily the case that meat ought to be a significant piece of human eating regimen). The idea of a vegetarian diet is generally present day and is normally just achievable in a setting where the individuals have, through the benefit of current science, increased adequate information about human nourishment. In this way, the inquiry ought not really be one of morals, yet of wellbeing, in which case, the appropriate response is yesâ€meat is alright (as long as it is just a piece of a decent eating regimen).

Cutting Down the Brazilian Rainforest Is Wrong :: essays research papers fc

Chopping down the Brazilian rainforest is anything but an ethically only activity. Not exclusively does leave the dirt clean and cut the land utilized for crops’ life down the middle, yet it likewise wipes out the open door for new meds to be discovered, new plants to use for treatment in the clinical field, and oil substitutes to be gathered and utilized, just to give some examples. Furthermore, the nearness of the rainforest shields us from a worldwide temperature alteration and keeps the absolute rarest and helpful creatures and their homes alive. In any case, numerous individuals feel that the urban areas in Brazil are packed and the opening of the Amazon bowl for individuals to live will be helpful to the congestion issue. Additionally, by chopping down the rainforest, Brazil earns substantial sums of money offering the timber to Japan. With the development of new roadways that lead to the Amazon Rainforest, the administration had the option to bring in cash while migrati ng a large number of its occupants. The difficult that emerges from Brazil's rainforest difficulty is that the different advantages and damages of the improvement of woodland are incommensurable and not handily gauged. They include the weighing of contrasts among worldwide and nearby products - the advantages of selling lumber and making farms for neighborhood populaces versus the conceivable worldwide advantages of a potential remedy for disease or a commitment to the decrease of ozone harming substances. Chopping Down the Rainforest Rids the Land of All Nutrients and Makes it Infertile The rainforest was chopped somewhere near the first pioneers and principally the farmers' workforces, and afterward consumed during the dry season. The debris from the woodland was then used to treat the yields or grub they created. The limitations of the rainforest's dirt are critical to the much worry that emerged from this method of clearing, consuming, and afterward planting. This method could render advantageous yields, yet just for a brief timeframe - from between 2-3 years to 10-12 years. After this, notwithstanding, the landowners are constrained to move somewhere else to continue with their method. This is because of the way that the rainforest contains no topsoil, and cultivating and development can't be drawn out or supportable. The dirt in the rainforest is momentous for its absence of supplements. In this manner, the woodlands are esteemed to be one of the most fragile biomes on the planet. The dirt in the rainforest is so

Ultimate List of Leading Job Search Engines (and Which One You Should Use)

Ultimate List of Leading Job Search Engines (and Which One You Should Use) Ask your folks how it worked back then, when they were right out of college and were looking for a job. You’d probably hear (horror) stories of them spending hours and hours poring over piles and piles of newspapers and classified ad dailies, making marks on job wanted ads and similar postings.Then they’ll spend countless more hours making calls to the numbers indicated on the ads and, more often than not, the long list that they started out with will be shortened drastically into only a handful of prospects.You’d probably hear a lot about how much of a nightmare it was, trying to look for possible job vacancies. For them, looking for job postings was as much of a battle as the process of getting the job.Fast forward decades later, with the internet pretty much reigning over even the most mundane tasks, and your folks are probably thinking they were born a century early. If they had the conveniences that we have today back then, they’d probably have had an easier and less str essful time of it. Faster, too. You should consider yourself lucky, thinking how the process of job-hunting has been considerably shortened. And who do you have to thank for that?The numerous job search engines and job portals now up and online, of course!JOB SEARCH ENGINES â€" WHAT ARE THEY AND WHAT DO THEY DO?You are probably familiar with a “job board”. Many companies have them, and you’ve probably even used at least one or two of them before. A job board is simply one of the several types of employment websites, or websites that deal specifically with employment or building careers.A job board is a website where employers can make postings about vacant job positions, providing information on the job requirements, hoping that jobseekers will spot the postings and submit their applications. Is this the same as a job search engine?You might think it is, but a job board is different from a job search engine.You see, a job board contains lists of open positions supplied by companies or employers, often for a f ee. When jobseekers find an open position they want to apply for, they can send in their applications directly through the job board. Applicants, on the other hand, can create their resumes and upload them on to the job board which, in turn, will grant employers access to the resumes â€" again, for a fee.A job search engine, on the other hand, works mainly by scouring the web for open position postings and job listings, and aggregating them in their own space on the web. Basically, job search engines get the information found in, and across, multiple job boards and other employment websites, and put it all in one place.The resulting benefits? Greater convenience for jobseekers, and more eyeballs on the job offer for employers.Let me break it down for you.Faster job search. The internet has pretty much sped up how we do things. You don’t have to collect dailies for several days â€" weeks, even â€" to find a list of job prospects. Several clicks, and you can access a comprehensive l ist of job vacancies that you can check out. And you don’t even have to wait for days or weeks, because the real-time updates ensure that the list of choices will be updated at a fast clip.Less confusion. You don’t have to wade through dozens and dozens of job boards and employer websites just to find job opportunities. Just go to the job search engine and you can get results from multiple source websites. Certainly another feature of job search engines that will simplify the process is the use of filters in the advanced searches, making it so much easier for you to target specific jobs. You can refine your search by inputting the specific skills, qualifications, and other job requirements, so you can get more accurate and reliable recommendations or suggestions on which open position to apply for.Less cost involved. The simpler and faster process means there will be less cost incurred. Sure, some job search engines may require that you pay a fee to join, but most of the time, t he amount is quite minimal and even negligible, considering the returns that you will get. You do not have to spend so much on transportation expenses when you move from place to place, looking for job vacancies. You don’t have to buy publications with these job ads, and you don’t have to make expensive phone calls, especially if the employer is far across the country. You can do it all online.More options. If you rely entirely on the yellow pages or the dailies, it’ll probably take you days or even weeks before you can find a job posting with job requirements that you can meet. The job pool seems to be very limited, and there aren’t a lot of options available. And so you play the waiting game, hoping that the next time you open that page, you’ll find a job ad that seems to be perfectly made for you. Online job search engines are not hampered by this limitation in the job pool. By aggregating job postings from numerous online employment sources, you will be presented with a whole lot more options to go through. There is also a wider variety of the job postings. Initially you may have set out looking for a job in the tech industry, since that is where your skills seem to be most needed. But you will be surprised when a job search engine provides results that show how other industries, maybe the medical/pharmaceutical or even the manufacturing industry, has a high demand for your skill set. Pretty much, job search engines open up wider worlds and broader horizons for you, presenting you with doors that you didn’t know were there in the first place.Faster response rate. Since it is in real time, the response is likely to be faster. Usually, if done through the conventional manner â€" without the help of the internet, that is â€" it would take weeks and maybe even months before the employer can respond and act on all the applications they’ve received. Many jobseekers would say that one of the hardest parts of looking for a job is the waiting period. You’ll be in tenterhooks, wondering whether your application was received or not, whether you are going to receive a call for an interview or not, and other similar concerns. This mostly leads you to waste time due to uncertainties; had you known earlier that you won’t be receiving any call, then you’d have looked for other open positions to apply for.But these are just when we’re strictly speaking about job boards. In the search, you are bound to find job search engines that also work as job boards, accepting applications through their website.HOW TO CHOOSE JOB SEARCH ENGINES TO TRUSTWith so many job boards and search engines on the internet and some of them even charging a fee, you’re probably wondering which of them can be trusted. After all, you are looking for a job and you don’t have the money to pay every job board that you come across.What factors should you consider when choosing which job search engine to use in your search for your dream job?Safety and securit yMost job search engines, when requiring users to register, will require some personal information, and not all jobseekers are keen on letting just anybody access this information. Think about it. Put yourself in a jobseeker’s shoes. You will certainly not want to miss the opportunity to have potential employers take a look at your credentials and, along with it, your personal information.You’d probably look into the assurances or guarantees provided by the job search engine when it comes to the collection, storage, access and usage of any personal information that you provide.Ease of useNaturally, you’d choose a job search engine with a user-friendly interface, so that it is easier to navigate and you can get results much faster. There are several points to take note of in this aspect.Website design. If the job search engine looks messy, with clashing colors and jarring choices of font styles and font sizes, you’d have trouble taking it seriously. If it looks professional, then you’d feel more at ease and confident using the site for your job search. It might be window-dressing to some, but a lot can be said about a job search engine from the way it looks and makes first impressions.Site performance. This talks about the accessibility and availability, and the speed of the website. If the job search engine is always down, or undergoing maintenance frequently, jobseekers and employers will be turned off, and they will look for other job search engines to use. If the website takes a very long time to load, that will eat up a lot of your time, which you do not want because you’d want to cover a lot of ground in the shortest time possible.Targeting features. Again, filters. Usually, job search engines may come up with broad results, which can be quite confusing and convoluted. But thanks to filters, you can use keywords and set certain parameters that will enable the website’s search engine to narrow down the list, providing you more targeted job op tions.Compatibility. Everyone is now going mobile, and so should job search engines. This means that you should be able to conduct job searches even by using your smartphone, instead of having to look for the nearest desktop computer or laptop. Even while travelling, you can check on job vacancies, update your resume and submit your application, all on your phone.Job listingsQuantity, variety and relevance. These are three of the most important characteristics that you’d want the job listings of the search engine to give you. Why would you spend time using a job search engine that provides only two or three open positions for a single search, when another job search engine provides more than a hundred results on the same search?If you were focused from the get-go on a specific niche, then you probably won’t even bother trying to use a job search engine. Instead, you’d head directly to a niche job board and do your search there. But you decided to use a job search engine becaus e you wanted to expand the reach of your job search as much as possible. You want a variety of options, not restricted to a single niche or industry.It makes sense, then, that you will choose a job search engine that aggregates job listings from more than just a handful of sources.TrafficWe’re talking, of course, about the amount of website traffic that the job search engine gets. Between a job search engine that gets a thousand visitors in a day and one that has hundreds of thousands, which one would you prefer to rely on?Naturally, as a jobseeker, you’d want to be seen by as many potential employers as you can, so you’d go for the more frequently visited job search engine. On the other end of the spectrum, if you’re an employer, you’re likely to trust the job search engine that is used by more jobseekers.I hope that cleared things up a bit. Now on to the good stuff: the job search engines themselves. But there are so many of them; which one should you choose? Well, each has its pros and cons, and I’ll let you decide which one suits your needs best.Here are the leading job search engines you can find online today.IndeedIndeed.com has now evolved into one of the largest job search engines, connecting jobseekers and employers from different parts of the globe, not just in the United States. This is reflected even more in their slogan, “One search, all jobs”.Pros:It lets you search millions of job listings. Yes, you read that right: millions. That is because Indeed collects jobs from thousands of job and company websites and blogs, job boards and communities, newspapers and publications.It has a wider reach, and consequently, more users. On average, the site gets more than 200 million visitors monthly from more than 60 countries all over the world. It is also available in 28 languages (and counting), so that’s definitely a major plus.It simplifies the job search.com has a no-fuss, no-frills look and feel. In fact, it is likened to how Google an d other top search engines are designed to be user-friendly. You’ll be going through a long list of open positions in no time at all, because you’d be spared the time and effort of jumping through hoops in your search. For targeted results, Indeed.com lets you filter your job search as to:Salary EstimateJob Type (e.g. part-time, full-time, contract, commission)LocationCompanyExperience Level (e.g. Mid-level, Entry-level, Senior Level)It allows the setup of alerts and reminders. Feel free to join the notification squad! You can set up email job alerts if there are new job openings that fit your preferences and qualifications. This is definitely another time-saver, since you don’t have to visit the site every single day to check out what’s new. Just configure the alerts you want to receive, and how often you want to receive it, and Indeed will notify you about them.It has a resume management feature. Another time-saver right here! Upload your resume so that recruiters and empl oyers can access and view them. Don’t worry, because you can adjust the privacy settings yourself, so you can still have control on who can view your resume. You may even edit your resume directly on the site.It has added features for jobseekers to go through, such as salary reports, job trends, information on companies, and even a discussion forum where jobseekers and employers can communicate and interact.It is now on mobile, which means you can access it at anytime, anywhere, as long as you have downloaded the Indeed.com app on your mobile device.Cons:The large quantity of results can be quite overwhelming. This poses the possibility of the quality of some of the job listings not being quite up to par. There are some complaints about the jobs ending up having high turnover, or with poor working conditions. Therefore, you should still take caution when applying for these jobs. Do not forget to do your research.Job listing redundancy is highly probable. Do not forget, Indeed gets its job listings from so many other websites, so there’s a high chance that one job will appear more than once on your results feed.Maybe it is because there is a discussion forum, but Indeed  does not go the extra mile to offer resources for jobseekers and those who want to build their careers.It does not have a resume writing tool. You’ll have to create your own resume, then upload it to the site, but it has no facility that can actually guide you along in creating your resume. You’re on your own there, buddy.SimplyHiredSimplyHired, according to the website, lets you “explore millions of jobs… with just one search.” It works in a similar manner with Indeed.com, in that it aggregates job listings from thousands of websites, newspaper and classified listings, as well as social networks.As of July 2016, SimplyHired was acquired by Recruit Holdings, which also happens to be the parent company of Indeed.com. The takeover resulted in several features being affected, but the y are currently being smoothed over still, and SimplyHired remains operational to this day.Pros:It offers a wide reach, although decidedly smaller than that of Indeed.com’s. At present, SimplyHired operates as an employment website and online recruitment advertising network in 24 countries around the world, including the United States.Simplicity and ease of navigation is another strong feature of SimplyHired. You can get started simply by typing in a keyword, or a set of keywords, such as the Job Title, Skills or Company, and specifying the Location that you have in mind, and the search engine will search the corresponding jobs for you. The targeting filters available are on Relevance, the Date when the listing was added, the Distance from the location you specified earlier, the Job Title and the Company, if any.It has the Salary Estimator feature, which provides detailed salary information for thousands of different careers. This will give you a glimpse on what the current salary in your specific field is, so you can set your expectations more accurately.It provides information on job markets, which is very useful for those who want to know more about local jobs in every city, depending on the industry, company, or job type.SimplyHired is also optimized for mobile, with its own dedicated app that lets you access it through any Android or iOS mobile device. The best part? The app even has a one-click Quick Apply feature, which means that you can apply for a listing even when you are traveling or you are out on one of your early morning jogs!Cons:24 countries is already quite a lot, and SimplyHired is definitely one of the bigger job search engines out there today. However, it would be even better if it is able to operate in more countries, making its reach more global.It does not have a resume builder, which means you are also on your own when creating your resume. Or you could just use another tool offered by another job website?CareerBuilderCareerBuilder i s certainly one of the more recognizable names among the older crop of employment websites and job search engines.Encouraging you to “Find the right job. Right now”, all it asks is for keywords regarding the job you are looking for and the City, State or ZIP code of the location you want to work at, and it will get to work, collecting the matching job postings for you.Pros:As a job search engine, it goes a step further and actually makes recommendations based on the matches that your search has turned up. Usually, it would have just presented you with the search results; but CareerBuilder has a job recommendation engine that narrows down the list even further, making it easier for you to make your choices. This job recommendation engine works by using your uploaded resume or your job application as a basis.It boasts a global operation, present in more than 60 job markets in 23 countries worldwide, and forging partnerships with publication companies and other leading job and care er portals. This means that, no matter where you are in the world, you definitely have a great chance of finding a job with the help of CareerBuilder.CareerBuilder is not focused solely on its function as a job search engine. It also offer other products and services that employers and jobseekers will definitely find very useful. Examples are background check and screening software, candidate engagement software, resume database search and applicant tracking system, to name a few.It is equipped with security features that minimize fraudulent job listings and postings that are nothing but scams or fakes. You will definitely feel more secure applying for jobs knowing that there are lesser chances of you being duped and wasting your time over something that will never really pan out in the end.You get to enjoy comprehensive search options with CareerBuilder. Targeting results won’t be hard, thanks to the filters and parameters that you can easily customize while doing your search.Sti ll unsure what type of career is most suitable for you? Then try out the various personalized career tests and assessment that CareerBuilder is offering. That way, you can explore your different career options and possibilities, and you don’t even have to pay an HR expert to do that!What do you know, it has a free resume builder! This definitely makes it so much easier for you to customize your resume so that it can be presented in such a way that will attract and engage potential employers. A free account already allows you to upload up to three resumes and cover letters.You’ll be in the know, because CareerBuilder actually lets you view the competition for each job! You’ll basically be able to see a comparison between you and the other applicants, so you’ll know exactly how your chances are!Thanks to the Quick Apply tool, you can directly apply for the job posting you see. After all, you already have your resume and even the cover letters uploaded into your profile. All yo u have to do is access them and make the tweaks necessary.Career resources are aplenty at CareerBuilder, which is definitely much appreciated. If you are looking for career advice, or some other ideas or thoughts related to your job search, you can check out the CareerBuilder blog for articles and even videos to move you along.Cons:If we’re going to be realistic about it, CareerBuilder is actually more focused on the employers and recruiters, rather than the jobseekers, especially when you take note of the software and programs they offer, which complete a suite of recruitment and advertising solutions. Still, there is no denying that jobseekers can still use the many features on the site.At first, you might need some time to get used to the interface of the site. There’s just too much going on, it might appear a bit cluttered at first. Not to worry, though. Once you get the hang of it, navigating it and looking for your dream job will be a breeze.MonsterWhenever you do a search on the top job and employment websites, there is no doubt that Monster will be on the list. And why not? Monster has proven itself as one of the forces to reckon with in the global job market, and its name “Monster Worldwide” is definitely right on target. Its slogan? “We connect people and job opportunities”.Pros:It boasts an extensive global network where, reportedly, 7,900 jobs are searched, 29 resumes are uploaded, and 2,800 jobs are viewed in ONE MINUTE. Just one minute. How many is that in a week? In a month? In a year? Do the math. With its operations in 50 countries all over the world, those figures certainly do not lie.It has a wide range of filter and search options, where you can use keywords, or specify the Job Title, Experience (in terms of years worked), and the preferred Location. You can refine your search further using the following parameters:Top EmployersLocationIndustryJob FunctionCompany TypeSalary RangeJob Freshness, or how recent the posting was madeR ejoice, because Monster has a resume writing service! For an additional fee, of course, but that is still a good feature, especially if you really require help in creating a resume that employers and recruiters that come on Monster will notice. Monster has partnered with TopResume, and came up with various resume packages that you can choose from. If you upload your resume, you will also get a free critique, so you can tweak and improve it accordingly.On top of the resume writing service, it also offers a direct application process, which is very convenient for jobseekers. One click, and they can apply to multiple job postings, choosing from any of the numerous resumes that they have uploaded on their profile.It has an email service where subscribers can get regular notifications and updates on job vacancies directly on their inbox.Similarly, it is also optimized for mobile access, thanks to its dedicated Monster.com mobile app.Cons:Many users complain about the numerous ads and pro motional links that keep popping up and appearing when they visit the site. Although they don’t really affect the results of the job search, they can be quite distracting.The resume writing service is quite pricey, especially if you are just starting out and looking for your first job.LinkedIn JobsYou already know that LinkedIn is an excellent platform for professional networking. But its job search engine has also become so powerful that more and more jobseekers and employers are using it for exactly that purpose.Pros:Perhaps the strongest point of LinkedIn is how it lets you build your network, while going about the motions of looking for a job. In other job search engines, you create an account and maintain it. In LinkedIn, you create an account and network, so your online professional identity grows and becomes stronger, increasing your attractiveness as an employment prospect, and your chances of being hired by a very good company. Hey, it won’t be called the “world’s l argest professional network” for nothing!You can count on LinkedIn to turn out very high-quality job postings, since it combines the ability to index and collect job postings in the internet with its facility of bringing like-minded professional individuals and entities together.As a professional network, it does the job of providing career advices and resources from the experts. As you are slowly building your professional identity, you will also learn a lot from the news, inspiration and other insights shared by other LinkedIn users and even industry leaders and business movers and shakers.It offers a comprehensive search facility that lets you refine your job search, according to location, company, date of posting of the job opening, job function, industry, experience level, or even job title.Cons:LinkedIn is, first and foremost, a networking site, and it uses that format in its job search engine function. Therefore, you are expected to spend a lot of time and effort on it, jus t as you would in any networking gig. Building a good professional identity cannot be done overnight, and if you’re in a hurry, this may not be the best option for you.CraiglistCraiglist is no longer just a place to buy and sell properties and other stuff online. It is now used as a place to look for job opportunities, although most are temporary in nature. It is one of those free websites where employers and jobseekers flock to.Pros:Craigslist can now be seen all over the world, which means that job listings are also sourced from practically everywhere. This is a good thing, as it means there are a lot more options for jobseekers to choose from.It’s easy to conduct a job search. Just type in the keywords, or look under the parameters such as location or City and Jobs category.Cons:There is a very low chance to find long-term or permanent employment if you’re using Craigslist. You see, most of the job listings include jobs that are temporary in nature, such as part-time gigs, contracts, and freelance work. This is ideal for those looking for short-term employment, but not really for those with long-term career goals.Unfortunately, not all the job postings on Craiglist are legitimate. Some are even downright scams, so you have to exercise caution when using this site for your job search.In addition, here are a few worthy runners-up to that list. They are classified mostly as niche job search engines, because they aggregate career- and industry-specific sites.USA JobsWait, did you think that you are on your own in your job search, with no help from the government? What if you are eyeing a job in the government? Did you think that there’s no way a job search engine will get you that type of job?Well, you’d be wrong, because there is USAJobs right there, waiting to present you with the best job opportunity. For 20 years, it has been connecting jobseekers with federal jobs, functioning as the federal government’s official employment site.Pros:You’ll g et high-quality job postings in this site. If you’re using USAJobs, that can only mean that you are specifically looking to land a federal job, or a position in government service. Well, rest assured that the job postings you will find on this site are accurate and legitimate. And these are not just jobs located stateside. Anywhere that the US government operates in, there is a chance of you getting employed. In 2015 alone, job opportunities listed in USAJobs were located in more than 145 countries.The advanced search capability is surprisingly easy to navigate, considering the usual expectation that anything related to the government is bound to be complex and convoluted. The filtering tool is so efficient, you’d wish other job search engines work in the same way.There are zero possibilities of job redundancies or multiple postings of a single opening in this site. That means less time wasted when poring over the list.Since USAJobs works as a one-stop-shop for recruitment of fe deral workers or employees, this is where you can directly submit your application. It’s so simple and quick, you don’t have to spend so much on transportation and other costs related to applying for a job.You get an easy-to-manage and comprehensive account when you sign up. As an account holder, you will be able to manage documents (your resumes, mainly), and keep a record of saved jobs, saved searches, and other resources on building a career in the government.Cons:The only complaint against this job search engine is the lack of diversity in the jobs posted. This shouldn’t come as too much of a surprise, really, since you already know what you are getting into when you signed up for an account. Do not expect much variety of jobs here, though.DiceWith the tech industry thriving on a global scale, it is no small wonder that several job search engines dedicated to the niche have cropped up. Dice claims to be the “The Career Hub for Tech Insiders”, as it focuses only on inde xing information and technology jobs.Pros:It’s all tech jobs here, so you will get the results you want. Dice’s listings are sourced from some of the biggest IT companies in the world, such as Dell, eBay, Cisco, Deloitte and Hewlett Packard. It is smaller than that of other job search engines, yes, but you can count on the quality of these postings to be high.The filtering system of Dice is very impressive, so you can really do your search up to the most specialized positions. This is definitely a very good thing, on top of the very easy-to-use interface of the website (which makes sense, considering this is for tech positions!).Customize the job alerts that will be sent directly to your email, so you can get them on a specified schedule, or in real time as updates come.To make things more convenient, download the mobile app and keep your eye out for that tech job of your dreams even when you’re on the go.Cons:It’s a niche job search engine, so expect the listings to be limi ted. What it lacks in quantity, however, it more than makes up for in quality.Do not be confused when using job search engines in your job hunt. Sure, they might be confusing at first, but if you choose well, you’ll have an easier time of it later on.What most people would recommend is that you should not stick to only one job search engine. Use as many as you can; maybe not all the top search engines since it may become too overwhelming for you. Pick two or three job search engines and focus your efforts on them.Be diligent in keeping your profiles updated in all these sites. Be active in communities and discussion groups, if there are any. Most importantly, put your heart and soul into finding the job of your dreams, and it’ll surely happen.

The Audience, the Pentagle and the Green Sash in Sir...

The Audience, the Pentagle and the Green Sash in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Works Cited Missing Although some early manuscripts of the poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight still exist, nothing, beyond speculation, is known about the poet, which is a pity when considering its rich language and imagery. Believed to have been written between 1375 and 1400, and some 2500 lines long, the unknown poet blent a unique mixture of chivalry, the Beheading Game and the temptation of a knight called Sir Gawain into probably the best example of an Arthurian romance. In this essay, the alliterative language and style of this poem will be seen to reflect the period and place that it was written as well as†¦show more content†¦It is not known who the exact recipient or audience of this poem is. However, when looking at à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the forms in which they are preserved (Barron 1985, p 54), the manuscript offers clues about who the Sir Gawain audience was. The fact that such a long poem is written down at all, (Caxtons first printed texts came in the mid 1400s), and that it is illuminated, suggests a wealthy or important recipient. Barron offers tentative suggestions as to who they were: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦country gentry, or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦great noblesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (p 55), while Coleman (1981 p 44) suggests a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦local magnate with a family and manor in south-west Lancashire That the poet intended Sir Gawain for the educated audience of a northern court can be seen from the content of the poem. He wrote for an audience who wel l understood the conventions of court life, as described at Camelot and Bertilaks castle. Latin and French and would also have been familiar, as would the Beheading Game which appears in Part 1 and Part 4. The audience would need reasonable knowledge of the bible, because, apart from the overtly Christian language, the temptation of Sir Gawain is central to the whole poem. Conventions of courtly love are described within the poem, although the poet cleverly reverses the convention, with Bertilaks wife attempting to woo Sir Gawain, (the wooer is usually the knight). Within a

Restorative Justice The Criminal Justice System - 987 Words

Although, not a new concept in the criminal justice arena, restorative justice has become a popular tool in the fields of both victimology and criminology (Doble Greene, 2000). According to Doble Greene, (2000) Restorative justice has been defined as: â€Å"A theory of justice that emphasizes repairing the harm caused or revealed by criminal behavior. It is best accomplished through cooperative processes that include all stakeholders.† Unlike the traditional criminal justice system, restorative justice main focus is on repairing those who have been injured by a crime (Doble Greene, 2000). In order to repair those that are injured by a crime, the acknowledgment that a crime has existed must take place first. Restorative Justice Approach Restorative justice has been found to permit the victim of a crime, the offender of the crimes, and the affected members of the affected community of that crime an opportunity to respond to the crime (Fisher, Ury, Patton,1991) . By recognizing that criminal acts are more comprehensive than that of the traditional approach of law breaking, restorative justice takes on a more contemporary approach to criminal justice (Gerkin, 2012). Restorative justice measures its success in the amount of harm that is repaired or prevented, rather than the amount of punishment that is inflicted to an offender (Fisher et al., 1991). Stakeholders of Restorative Justice Primary stakeholders of restorative justice are the victim/s of a crime, the offenderShow MoreRelatedRestorative Justice And The Criminal Justice System2380 Words   |  10 PagesTo What Extent Should Restorative Justice be incorporated within the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales? (2500 words) This essay will look into the notion of restorative justice and its relationship with the criminal justice system in England and Wales. Furthermore, it will also seek to show the extent of the relationship that the two hold. 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The Return Nightfall Chapter 34 Free Essays

Elena had once fallen off that balcony and Stefan had jumped and caught her before she could hit the ground. A human falling from that height would be dead on impact. A vampire in full possession of his or her reflexes would simply twist in the air like a cat and land lightly on their feet. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Nightfall Chapter 34 or any similar topic only for you Order Now But one in Damon’s particular circumstances tonight†¦ From the sound of it, he had tried to twist, but had only ended up landing on his side and breaking bones. Elena deduced the latter from his cursing. She didn’t wait to listen for more specifics. She was off like a rabbit, down to the level of Stefan’s room – where instantaneously and almost unconsciously, she sent out a wordless plea – and then down the stairs. The cabin had turned completely into a perfect duplicate of the boardinghouse. Elena didn’t know why, but instinctively she ran to the side of the house that Damon would know the least: the old servant’s quarters. She got that far before she dared whispering things to the house, asking for them rather than demanding them, and praying that the house would obey her as it had obeyed Damon. â€Å"Aunt Judith’s house,† she whispered, thrusting the key into a door – it went in like a hot knife into butter and turned almost of its own volition, and then suddenly she was there again, in what had been her home for sixteen years, up until her first death. She was in the hallway, with her little sister Margaret’s open door showing her lying on the floor of her bedroom, staring with wide-open eyes over a coloring book. â€Å"It’s tag, sweetie!† she announced as if ghosts appeared every day in the Gilbert household and Margaret was supposed to know how to deal with it. â€Å"You go running to your friend Barbara’s and then she has to be It. Don’t stop running until you get there, and then go see Barbara’s mom. But first you give me three kisses.† And she lifted Margaret and hugged her tightly and then almost threw her at the door. â€Å"But Elena – you’re back – â€Å" â€Å"I know, darling, and I promise to see you again another day. But now – run, baby – â€Å" â€Å"I told them you would come back. You did before.† â€Å"Margaret!Run!† Choking on tears, but maybe recognizing in her childlike way the seriousness of the situation, Margaret ran. And Elena followed, but zagging toward a different staircase when Margaret zigged. And then she found herself confronted by a smirking Damon. â€Å"You take too long to talk to people,† he said as Elena frantically counted her options. Go over the balcony into the entry way? No. Damon’s bones might still hurt a little but if Elena jumped even one story, she would probably break her neck. What else? Think! And then she was opening the door into the china closet, at the same time shouting out, â€Å"Great-aunt Tilda’s house,† unsure if the magic would still work. And then she was slamming the door in Damon’s face. And she was in her Aunt Tilda’s house, but the Aunt Tilda’s house of the past. No wonder they accused poor Auntie Tilda of seeing strange things, Elena thought, as she saw the woman turning while holding a large glass casserole dish full of something that smelled mushroomy, and screaming, and dropping the dish. â€Å"Elena!† she cried. â€Å"What – it can’t be you – you’re all grown up!† â€Å"What’s the trouble?† demanded Aunt Maggie, who was Aunt Tilda’s friend, coming in from the other room. She was taller and fiercer than Aunt Tilda. â€Å"I’m being chased,† cried Elena. â€Å"I need to find a door, and if you see a boy after me – â€Å" And just then Damon stepped out of the coat closet, and at the same time Aunt Maggie tripped him neatly and said, â€Å"Bathroom door beside you,† and picked up a vase and hit the rising Damon over the head with it. Hard. And Elena dashed through the bathroom door, crying, â€Å"Robert E. Lee High School last fall – just as the bell’s rung!† And then she was swimming against the flow, with dozens of students trying to get to their classes on time – but then one of them recognized her, and then another, and while apparently she’d successfully traveled to a time when she wasn’t dead – no one was screaming â€Å"ghost† – neither had anyone at Robert E. Lee ever seen Elena Gilbert wearing a boy’s shirt over a camisole, with her hair falling wildly over her shoulders. â€Å"It’s a costume for a play!† she shouted, and created one of the immortal legends about herself before she had even died by adding, â€Å"Caroline’s house!† and stepping into a janitor’s closet. An instant later, the most gorgeous boy that anyone had ever seen appeared behind her, and rocketed through the same doors saying words in a foreign language. And when the janitor’s closet opened, neither boy nor girl was there. Elena landed running down a hallway and almost crashed into Mr. Forbes, who looked rather wobbly. He was drinking what seemed to be a large glass of tomato juice that smelled like alcohol. â€Å"We don’t know where she’s gone, all right?† he shouted before Elena could say a word. â€Å"She’s gone right out of her mind, as far as I can tell. She was talking about the ceremony at the widow’s walk – and the way she was dressed! Parents don’t have any control over children anymore!† He slumped against the wall. â€Å"I’m so sorry,† murmured Elena.The ceremony. Well, Black Magic ceremonies were usually held at moonrise or midnight. And it was just a few minutes before midnight. But in those minutes, Elena had just come up with scheme B. â€Å"Excuse me,† she said, taking the drink out of Mr. Forbes’s hand and dashing it directly into the face of Damon, who had appeared out of a closet. Then she shouted, â€Å"Some placetheir kind can’t see!† and stepped into†¦ Limbo? Heaven? Some place their kind couldn’t see.At first Elena wondered about herself, because she couldn’t see much of anything at all. But then she realized where she was, deep in the earth, beneath Honoria Fell’s empty tomb. Once, she had fought down here to save the lives of Stefan and Damon. And now, where there should have been nothing but darkness and rats and mildew, was a tiny, shining, light. Like a miniature Tinkerbell – just a speck, it hovered in the air, not leading her, not communicating, but†¦protecting, Elena realized. She took the light, which felt bright and cool in her fingers, and around her she traced a circle, big enough for a full-grown person to lie down in. When she turned back, Damon was sitting in the middle. He looked strangely pale for someone who had just fed. But he said nothing, not a word, just gazed at her. Elena went to him and touched him on the neck. And a moment later, Damon was again drinking deep, deep, of the most extraordinary blood in the world. Usually, he would be analyzing by now: taste of berry, taste of tropical fruit, smooth, smoky, woody, rounded with a silken aftertaste†¦But not now. Notthis blood, which far surpassed anything for which he had words. This blood that was filling him with power such as he had never known before†¦. Damon†¦ Why was he not listening? How had he come to be drinking this extraordinary blood that tasted somehow of the afterlife, and why was he not listening to the donor? Please, Damon. Please fight it†¦ He ought to recognize that voice. He’d heard it enough times. I know they’re controlling you. But they can’t controlallof you. You’re stronger than they are. You’re the strongest†¦. Well, that was certainly true. But he was getting more and more confused. The donor seemed to be unhappy and he was a past-master at making donors happy. And he didn’t quite remember†¦he really should remember how this had started. Damon, it’s me. It’s Elena. And you’re hurting me. So much pain and bewilderment. From the beginning, Elena had known better than to outright fight the tapping of her veins. That would only cause agony, and it wouldn’t do her the slightest bit of good except to stop her brain from working. So she was trying to make him fight off the horrible beast inside him. Well, yes, but the change had to come from inside. If she forced him, Shinichi would notice and just possess him again. Besides, the simpleDamon, be strong gig wasn’t working. Was there nothing to do but die, then? She could at least fight that, although she knew that Damon’s strength would make it pointless. With every swallow he took of her new blood, he got stronger; he changed more and more into†¦ Into what? It washer blood. Maybe he would answer its call, which was also her call. Maybe, somehow inside, he could beat the monster without Shinichi noticing. But she needed some new power, some new trick†¦ And even as she thought it, Elenafelt the new Power moving in her, and she knew that it had always been there, just waiting for the right occasion to use it. It was a very specific power, not to be used for fighting or even for saving herself. Still, it was hers to tap. Vampires who preyed on her got only a few mouthfuls, but she had an entire blood supply filled with its enormous vigor. And calling upon it was as easy as reaching toward it with an open mind and open hands. As soon as she did, she found new words coming to her lips, and most strangely of all, new wings springing from her body, which Damon was holding bent sharply back from the hips. These ethereal wings were not for flying, but for something else, and when they fully unfurled they made a huge, rainbow-colored arch whose very tip circled back again, surrounding and enfolding Damon and Elena both. And then she said it telepathically.Wings of Redemption. And inside, soundlessly, Damon screamed. Then the wings opened slightly. Only one who had learned a great deal about magic would have seen what was happening inside them. Damon’s anguish was becoming Elena’s anguish as she took from him every painful incident, every tragedy, every cruelty that had ever gone into making up the stony layers of indifference and unkindness that encased his heart. Layers – as hard as the stone at the heart of a black dwarf star – were breaking up and flying away. There was no stopping it. Great chunks and boulders fractured, fine pieces shattered. Some dissolved into nothing more than a puff of acrid smelling smoke. There was something at the center, though – some nucleus that was blacker than hell and harder than the horns of the devil. She couldn’t quite see what happened to it. She thought – she hoped – that at the very end even it blasted open. Now, and only now, could she call for the next set of wings. She hadn’t been sure that she would live through the first attack; she certainly didn’t feel as if she could live through this one. But Damon had to know. Damon was kneeling on one knee on the floor, with his arms clasped tightly around him. That should be all right. He was still Damon, and he’d be a lot happier without the weight of all that hatred and prejudice and cruelty. He wouldn’t keep remembering his youth and the other young blades who’d mocked his father for being an old fool, with his disastrous investments and his mistresses younger than his own sons. Neither would he endlessly dwell on his own childhood, when that same father had beaten him in drunken rages when he neglected his studies or took up with objectionable companions. And, finally, he would not go on savoring and contemplating the many terrible things he’d done himself. He had been redeemed, in heaven’s name and in heaven’s time, by words put into Elena’s mouth. But now†¦there was something that he needed to remember. If Elena was right. If only she were right. â€Å"Where is this place? Are you hurt, girl?† In his confusion, he couldn’t recognize her. He had knelt; now she knelt beside him. He gave her a keen glance. â€Å"Are we at prayer or were we making love? Was it the Watch or the Gonzalgos?† â€Å"Damon,† she said, â€Å"it’s me, Elena. It’s the twenty-first century, now, and you are a vampire.† Then, gently embracing him, with her cheek against his, she whispered,†Wings of Remembrance.† And a pair of translucent butterfly wings, violet, cerulean, and midnight blue in color, sprouted from her backbone, just above her hips. The wings were decorated with tiny sapphires and translucent amethysts in intricate patterns. Using muscles she had never used before, she easily drew them up and forward until they curled inside out, and Damon was shielded within them. It was like being enclosed in a dim, jewel-studded cave. She could see in Damon’s fine-bred features that he didn’t want to remember anything more than he did right now. But new memories, memories connected with her, were already welling up inside him. He looked at his lapis lazuli ring and Elena could see tears come to his eyes. Then, slowly, his gaze turned on her. â€Å"Elena?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Someone possessed me, and took the memories of the times I was possessed,† he whispered. â€Å"Yes – at least, I think so.† â€Å"And someone hurt you.† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I swore to kill him or make him your slave a hundred times over. Hestruck you. He took your blood by force. He made up ludicrous stories about hurting you in other ways.† â€Å"Damon. Yes, that’s true. But, please – â€Å" â€Å"I was on his track. If I’d met him I might have run him through; might have ripped his beating heart out of his chest. Or I might have taught him the most painful lessons I’ve heard tales of – and I’ve heard a lot of tales – and at the end, through the blood in his mouth, he would have kissed your heel, your slave until he died.† This wasn’t good for him. She could see it. His eyes were white all around, like a terrified colt’s. â€Å"Damon, Ibeg you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"And the one who hurt you†¦was me.† â€Å"Not you by yourself. You said it yourself. You werepossessed .† â€Å"You feared me so much you stripped yourself for me.† Elena remembered the original Pendleton shirt. â€Å"I didn’t want you and Matt fighting.† â€Å"You let me bleed you when it was against your true will.† This time she could find nothing to say but, â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I – dear God! – I used my powers to afflict you with terrible grief!† â€Å"If you mean an attack that causes hideous pain and seizures, then yes. And you were worse to Matt.† Matt wasn’t on Damon’s radarscope. â€Å"And then I kidnapped you.† â€Å"Youtried .† â€Å"And you jumped out of a speeding car rather than take your chances with me.† â€Å"You were playing rough, Damon. They had told you to go out and play rough, maybe even to break your toys.† â€Å"I’ve been looking for the one who made you jump from the car – I couldn’t remember anything before that. And I swore to take out his eyes and his tongue before he died in agony. You couldn’t walk. You had to use a crutch to get through the forest, and just when help should have come, Shinichi drew you into a trap. Oh, yes, I know him. You wandered into his snow globe†¦and would be wandering still if I hadn’t broken it.† â€Å"No,† Elena said quietly. â€Å"I would have been dead a long time ago. You found me at the point of suffocation, remember?† â€Å"Yes.† A moment of fierce joy on his face. But then the trapped, horrified look returned. â€Å"I was the tormenter, the persecutor, the one you were so terrified of. I made you do things with – with – â€Å" â€Å"Matt.† â€Å"O God,† he said, and it was clearly an invocation to the deity, not just an exclamation, because he looked up, holding his clenched hands to heaven. â€Å"I thought I was being a hero for you. InsteadI’m the abomination. What now? By rights, I should be dead at your feet already.† He looked at her with wide, feral, black eyes. There was no humor in them, no sarcasm, no holding back. He looked very young and very wild and desperate. If he’d been a black leopard he’d have been pacing his cage frantically, biting at the bars. Then he bowed his head to kiss her bare foot. Elena was shocked. â€Å"I’m yours to do what you please with,† he said in that same stunned voice. â€Å"You can order me to die right now. After all my clever talk, it turns out that I’m the monster.† And then he wept. Probably no other set of circumstances could have brought tears to Damon Salvatore’s eyes. But he had boxed himself in. He never broke his word, and he’d given his word to break the monster, the one who had done all this to Elena. The fact that he had been possessed – at first a little, and then more and more, until his entire mind was simply another of Shinichi’s toys, to be picked up and put down at leisure – didn’t make up for his crimes. â€Å"You know that I – I’m damned,† he told her, as if perhaps that might go a small way toward restitution. â€Å"No, Idon’t ,† Elena said. â€Å"Because I don’t believe that’s true. And Damon, think of how many times you fought them. I’m sure they wanted you to kill Caroline that first night you said you felt something in her mirror. You said you almost did it. I’m sure they want you to kill me. Are you going to do it?† He bent toward her foot again, and she hastily grabbed him by the shoulders. She couldn’t stand to see him in such pain. But now Damon was looking this way and that, as if he had a definite purpose. He was also twisting the lapis lazuli ring. â€Å"Damon – what are you thinking? Tell me what you’re thinking!† â€Å"That he may pick me up as a puppet again – and that this time there may be areal birch rod. Shinichi – he’s monstrous beyond your innocent belief. And he can take me over at a moment’s notice. We’ve seen that.† â€Å"He can’t if you’ll let me kiss you.† â€Å"What?† He looked at her as if she hadn’t been following the conversation properly. â€Å"Let me kiss you – and strip out that dying malach inside you.† â€Å"Dying?† â€Å"It dies a little more each time you gain enough strength to turn your back on it.† â€Å"Is – it very big?† â€Å"As big as you are by now.† â€Å"Good,† he whispered. â€Å"I only wish I could fight it myself.† â€Å"Pour le sport?† Elena answered, showing that her summer in France last year hadn’t been entirely wasted. â€Å"No. Because I hate the bastard’s guts and I’d happily suffer a hundred times its pain as long as I knew I was hurtingit. â€Å" Elena decided this was no time for delay. He was ready. â€Å"Will you let me do this one last thing?† â€Å"I told you before – the monster who hurt you is your slave now.† All right. They could argue about that point later. Elena leaned forward and tilted her head up, lips pursed slightly. After a few moments, Damon, the Don Juan of darkness, got the point. He kissed her very gently, as if afraid to make too much contact. â€Å"Wings of Purification,† Elena whispered against his lips. These wings were as white as untrammeled snow, and lacelike, barely existing in some places at all. They arched high above Elena, shimmering with an iridescence that reminded her of moonlight on frosted cobwebs. They encased mortal and vampire in a web made of diamond and pearl. â€Å"This is going to hurt you,† Elena said, not knowing how she knew. The knowledge seemed to come moment by moment as she needed it. It was almost like being in a dream where great truths are understood without needing to be learned, and accepted without astonishment. And that was how she knew thatWings of Purification would seek out and destroy anything foreign inside Damon and that the feeling could be very unpleasant for him. When the malach didn’t seem to be coming out of its own accord, she said, prompted by her inner voice, â€Å"Take off your shirt. The malach is attached to your spine and it’s closest to the skin at the back of your neck where it entered. I’m going to have to strip it out by hand.† â€Å"Attached to my spine?† â€Å"Yes. Did you ever feel it? I think it would have felt like a bee sting at first, as it entered you, just a sharp little drill and a blob of jelly that attached to your spine.† â€Å"Oh. The mosquito bite. Yes, I felt that. And then later, my neck began to ache, and at last my whole body. Was it†¦growing inside me?† â€Å"Yes, and taking over more and more of your nervous system. Shinichi was controlling you like a marionette.† â€Å"Dear God, I’msorry .† â€Å"Let’s make him be sorry instead. Will you take off your shirt?† Silently, like a trusting child, Damon took off his black jacket and shirt. Then, as Elena motioned him into position, he lay across her lap, his back hard with muscle and pale against the dark ground on either side. â€Å"I’m sorry,† she said. â€Å"Getting rid of it this way – pulling it out through the hole where it entered – will really hurt.† â€Å"Good,† grunted Damon. And then he buried his face in his lithe, flat-muscled arms. Elena used the pads of her fingers, feeling at the top of his spine for what she was looking for. A squishy point. A blister. When she found it, she pinched it with her fingernails until blood suddenly spurted. She almost lost it then as it tried to go flat, but she was pursuing it with sharp nails – and it was too slow. At last she had it held firmly between thumbnail and two fingernails. The malach was still alive and aware enough to feebly resist her. But it was like a jellyfish trying to resist – only jellyfish broke apart when you pulled. This slick, slimy, man-shaped thing retained its shape as she slowly pulled it through the breach in Damon’s skin. And it was hurting him. She could tell. She started to take some of the pain into herself, but he gasped, â€Å"No!† with such vehemence that she decided to let him have his way. The malach was much larger and more substantial than she had realized. It must have been growing a long time, she thought – the little blob of jelly that had expanded until it controlled him to the fingertips. She had to sit up, then scoot away from Damon and back again before it lay on the ground, a sickly, stringy, white caricature of a human body. â€Å"Is it done?† Damon was breathless – it really had hurt, then. â€Å"Yes.† Damon stood and looked down at the flabby white thing – barely twitching – that had made him persecute the person he cared most about in the world. Then, deliberately, he trampled on it, crushing it under the heels of his boots until it lay torn in pieces, and then trampling the pieces. Elena guessed that he didn’t dare blast it with Power for fear of alerting Shinichi. At last, all that was left was a stain and a smell. Elena didn’t know why she felt so dizzy then. But she reached for Damon and he reached for her and they went to their knees holding each other. â€Å"I release you from every promise you made – while in the possession of that malach,† Elena said. This was strategy. She didn’t want to release him from the promise of caring for his brother. â€Å"Thank you,† Damon whispered, the weight of his head on her shoulder. â€Å"And now,† said Elena, like a kindergarten teacher who wants to move quickly on to another activity, â€Å"We need to make plans. But to make plans in utter secrecy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"We have to share blood. But Elena, how much have you donated today? You look white.† â€Å"You said you’d be my slave – now you won’t take a little of my blood.† â€Å"You said you released me – instead you’re going to hold that over me forever, aren’t you? But there’s a simpler solution. You take some ofmy blood.† And in the end that was what they did, although it made Elena feel slightly guilty, as if she were betraying Stefan. Damon cut himself with the minimum of fuss, and then it began to happen – they weresharing minds, melting seamlessly together. In much shorter a time than it would take to speak the sentences aloud, it was done: Elena had told Damon of what her friends had found about the epidemic among the girls of Fell’s Church – and Damon had told Elena everything he knew about Shinichi and Misao. Elena concocted a plan for scaring out any other possessed youngsters like Tami, and Damon promised to try to find out where Stefan was from the kitsune twins. And, finally, when there was nothing more to say, and Damon’s blood had restored faint color to Elena’s cheeks they made plans as to how to meet again. At the ceremony. And then there was only Elena in the room, and a large raven winging its way toward the Old Wood. Sitting on the cold stone floor, Elena took a moment to put all she now knew together. No wonder Damon had seemed so schizophrenic. No wonder he had remembered, and then forgotten, and then remembered that he was the one she was running from. He remembered, she reasoned, when Shinichi was not controlling him, or at least was keeping him on a very loose rein. But his memory was spotty because some of the things he’d done were so terrible that his own mind had rejected them. They had seamlessly become part of the possessed Damon’s memory, for when possessed Shinichi was controlling every word, every deed. And in between episodes, Shinichi was telling him that he had to find Elena’s tormentor and kill him. All very amusing, she supposed, for this kitsune, Shinichi. But for both her and Damon it had been hell. Her mind refused to admit that there had been moments of heaven mixed in with the hell. She was Stefan’s, alone. That would never change. Now Elena needed one more magical door, and she didn’t know how to find one. But there was the twinkling fairy light again. She guessed it was the last of the magic that Honoria Fell had left to protect the town she had founded. Elena felt a little guilty, using it up – but if it wasn’t meant for her, why had she been brought here? To try for the most important destination she could imagine. Reaching for the speck with one hand and clenching the key in the other she whispered with all the force at her command: â€Å"Somewhere I can see and hear and touch Stefan.† How to cite The Return: Nightfall Chapter 34, Essay examples

Zara Brand Managament free essay sample

Its name is well known all over the world, but it is very young brand in our country. Therefore, I took this brand in order to show how young and popular brand that recently came to the retail market is going to be developed, communicated and bring value to its Kazakhstani consumers. The first part of this work talks about the brand Zara itself. Mainly, about its history, internationalization, the brand uniqueness and quick speed to consumers demand, and how the Kazakhstani consumers feel and react to its name. The second part of this report demonstrates the six general criteria of brand elements of Zara, the elements of being successful, POD/POP and, of course the consumer based brand equity pyramid of Kazakhstani consumers. Finally, the paper identifies the main competitors of Zara in the Kazakstani market. Though, the main competitors are United Colors of Benetton, Mango, Mexx, Celio and Oggi. We will write a custom essay sample on Zara Brand Managament or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is done in order to clearly understand the future of this brand in Kazakhstan. Part I HistoryZara is the flagship chain store of Inditex Group owned by Spanish company tycoon Amancio Ortega, who also owns brands such as Massimo Dutti, Pull and Bear, Oysho, Uterque, Stradivarius and Bershka. The group is headquartered in a Coruna, Galicia, and Spain, where the first Zara store opened in 1975. It is claimed that Zara needs just two weeks to develop a new product and get it to stores, compared with a six-month industry average, and launches around 10,000 new designs each year. Zara has resisted the industry-wide trend towards transferring fast fashion production to low-cost countries.Perhaps its most unusual strategy was its policy of zero advertising. The company preferred to invest a percentage of revenues in opening new stores instead. Zara was described by Louis Vuitton fashion director Daniel Piette as â€Å"possibly the most innovative and devastating retailer in the world. † Zara has also been described as a â€Å"Spanish success story† by CNN. Its first store featured low-priced look-alike products of popular, higher-end clothing fashions. The store proved to be a success, and Ortega started opening more Zara stores in Spain.

The Business Case for Digital

Free Essays on TIME TO KILL

I found the article ‘Time to Kill’ to be boring dribble and difficult to read without falling asleep. Yes, Europe is now liberated from the cold war. In Europe the expectation is that a new and better Europe is taking shape, one that will be united, stable, and democratic. The author suggests that Europe’s expectations are not based in reality. Furthermore, the author states, â€Å"Europe as a whole is far more likely to face a period of acute economic stagnation, the undermining rather that the expansion of democracy, and serious social upheaval†. The author believes that Europe will be thrown into a full-blown crisis for the reason that Europe is destined to bear the brunt of a revolutionary change in the human condition. What is this revolutionary change? Technology. Europe faces a problem in the future in which the need for human labor will quickly diminish to the point where there will not be enough work to occupy the majority of human energy available. Leisure will become more abundant beyond the point of boredom. Europeans with work will be the minority. Those without work will be the majority burdened with idle â€Å"time to kill†. I agree with the author. Technology is still in its infancy and will continue to grow into the future. In the future I feel there will be a rise in unemployment in under developed countries along with the United States, Japan, and Europe that utilize this new technology. We can battle this dilemma for a while by sharing jobs between one or more people, shorten work time, increase holiday and vacations, or search for other ways to spread out the employment opportunities. Still I have to agree with the author that despite all the remedies that can be implemented unemployment will increase as the need for work decreases. The impact of information technology has a future where machines will be building machines, and where machines will be a substitute for the human labor for... Free Essays on TIME TO KILL Free Essays on TIME TO KILL A Time to Kill Intro â€Å"A Time to Kill† is a movie that will touch all of your emotions. For those with children (especially daughters), you might be filled with rage. For those rooting for equity and retribution in the racially torn South, you might cheer. But for those seeking justice in Americas judicial system, this movie is disturbing. Synopsis This movie is based in a southern Mississippi town where racial tension runs high through out the community. The plot begins with 10-year old, black girl, Tonya Hailey, one of the many children of a poor black man Carl Lee Hailey (Samuel L. Jackson), being raped and beaten and hung from a tree and left to die by two young intoxicated white men. Carl Lee, the father of the victim, takes the law into his own hands and shoots to death the pair of men in front of dozens of witnesses in the Canton, Mississippi courthouse just before the two men were to go on trial. Earlier, Carl Lee had also approached his friend Jake Brigance (McConaughey), a young white struggling lawyer, and asked for Jake’s help in case he gets in trouble. In other words he was indirectly forewarning Jake of his intentions to kill the men. The rest of the movie follows the trial of Carl Lee, defended by Jake Brigance creating a dramatic forum for ethical debate uncommon in most commercial American films. The Ethical Dilemmas 1. The first ethical dilemma here is the killing. Can Carl Lee justify killing those men by what they did to his daughter? They raped her and basically destroyed her life, so does that mean that they have to be punished to death? I think it all comes down to whether the rape of a child justifies murder. Does Tonya's father have a right to kill those men for what they did? 2. But the next dilemma is faced by the lawyer. His argument is that Carl Lee was insane when he killed them. But as a lawyer, as someone who represents just... Free Essays on Time To Kill I found the article ‘Time to Kill’ to be boring dribble and difficult to read without falling asleep. Yes, Europe is now liberated from the cold war. In Europe the expectation is that a new and better Europe is taking shape, one that will be united, stable, and democratic. The author suggests that Europe’s expectations are not based in reality. Furthermore, the author states, â€Å"Europe as a whole is far more likely to face a period of acute economic stagnation, the undermining rather that the expansion of democracy, and serious social upheaval†. The author believes that Europe will be thrown into a full-blown crisis for the reason that Europe is destined to bear the brunt of a revolutionary change in the human condition. What is this revolutionary change? Technology. Europe faces a problem in the future in which the need for human labor will quickly diminish to the point where there will not be enough work to occupy the majority of human energy available. Leisure will become more abundant beyond the point of boredom. Europeans with work will be the minority. Those without work will be the majority burdened with idle â€Å"time to kill†. I agree with the author. Technology is still in its infancy and will continue to grow into the future. In the future I feel there will be a rise in unemployment in under developed countries along with the United States, Japan, and Europe that utilize this new technology. We can battle this dilemma for a while by sharing jobs between one or more people, shorten work time, increase holiday and vacations, or search for other ways to spread out the employment opportunities. Still I have to agree with the author that despite all the remedies that can be implemented unemployment will increase as the need for work decreases. The impact of information technology has a future where machines will be building machines, and where machines will be a substitute for the human labor for...

Expansion and Mergers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Expansion and Mergers - Essay Example 356). In this regard, a natural monopoly may have adverse effects on the market economy once organizations engage in anticompetitive practices aimed at locking out their competitors out of business. In addition, the monopoly may engage in other practices like fixing prices of goods, which is not the ideal situation in a free market. On the contrary, government regulation is crucial in dealing with excessive competition practices in the market economy (Carroll & Buccholt, 2011, p. 358). In this case, firms will engage in setting prices below unprofitable levels forcing some firms out of business while the remaining firms will raise their prices resulting to products that are too expensive for the consumers. Government regulation is important in controlling negative externalities in a market economy (Carroll & Buchholtz, 2011, p. 357). By definition, Hackette and Moore (2011) defined â€Å"a negative externality as an uncompensated harm to others in a society that is generated as a by -product of production and exchange† (p. 61). It is evident that production of good has many by-products with some being harmful while the manufacturer does not pay for the harm caused. In effect, the manufacturer produces more products and earns more profits without catering for the harmful effects of the by-products. In this case, governments will always regulate such industries in order to ensure businesses do not risk the lives of others while making more profits. Rationale for the Government Intervention in the US Market Process As earlier indicated, governments regulate businesses to ensure that there was no market dominance by a monopoly. According to Geroski and Jacquemin (1985), dominance of a business firm goes hand-in-hand with the ability of the firm to exploit a strategic advantage to gain a large share of the market at the expense of its business rivals (as cited in George & Jacquemin, 1992, p. 150). In this regard, it is possible for business firms to use antico mpetitive strategies and try to edge out their competitors. Although the US is a free market, it is important for the government to intervene and ensure that all businesses engaged in ethical business practices. Since the US is a free market, it is important for the forces of demand and supply to determine the market price of goods and services. In this case, it is important for the government to regulate businesses in industries that fixed prices below the profit making levels in order to get rid of their competitors, in the US. In this regard, the government's failure to regulate makes the businesses eliminate their competitors and only raise the price of goods once their competitors are not in the market. In effect, these unethical practices do not provide for a competitive market environment. Therefore, this emphasizes the importance of government intervention in the form of regulation to ensure the forces of demand and supply remained as the important factors in determining the prices of goods and services. Self-Expansion Complexities on Capital Projects The underlying complexity currently facing any capital project in the US is obtaining capital required for expansion after the recent recession. According to LaBonte (2009), the weak economy and competition from other manufacturers led to decreased market share of the US automobile industry. In addition, the recession had an effect on credit facilities in the country. In this regard, LaBonte (2009) noted, â€Å"The recession had made credit facilities less available, which may have limited the ability of auto manufacturers and suppliers to finance their

David Suzuki Foundation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

David Suzuki Foundation - Assignment Example y, protection of the climate, habitat and endangered species protection, future projects on energy and sustainability of healthy oceans and seafood among others. The David Suzuki Foundation is very strict when it comes to uploading ethics. Some of the ways it does this is by not accepting funding or donations from individuals or organizations that have a hidden agenda in mind. They care about their integrity and reputation so much so that it declines such gifts or funding despite their value. This is the reason it does not accept direct funding from the government as this will mean they are indebted or at the mercy of the government and hence will lose its ethical conduct. The only funding from the government it takes is that provided through the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. On environmental values, the foundation strives to uphold the human rights of people when still safeguarding the environment. They are guided by the United Nations Declarations on Rights of Indigenous People formulated in 2010 and which protects the indigenous people who rely on the environment for their survival. In their aim to protect the environment therefore, they avoid clashing with the Aboriginals and they always respect them. They even at times use them to safeguard their other environmental policies as these people have indigenous knowledge of the environment and have vested interests in the environment being safeguarded. Its environmental values are also upheld through having their offices heated and cooled by geothermal system, recycling of its products, planting native species in the roof, having automatic timers to shut off their electrical appliances to save energy, employees commuting to work through biking or walking and using teleconferencing to reduce air travel. Their suppliers are also green suppliers using organic and non-toxic biodegradable among others all aimed at protecting the environment. Its code of conduct demands that its

Risk Management at the Olympic Games

Risk Management at the Olympic Games Strategising to Moderate Risk at Mega Events: the case of Olympic Games Abstract The management of risk at mega events is the focus of this dissertation. The framework for criticality of risk areas is identified through a literature review in the chosen domain of Olympics as an instance of mega events. The study looks at different areas of risk and examines assertions made in online archived articles in the public domain. The dissertation uses web based archival resources to acquire such articles using judgmental sampling. Content analysis is the method of analyses complemented by analysis of variance and correlation analysis. Reflecting on discussion on risk, and on the orientation of shortcomings and prescriptions in articles used as data -is the empirical basis for the study. The implications emphasize a greater role for the host city communities the risk and benefits are central to minimizing risks in planning and implementation. The importance of such moderation in alliancing and orientation is also found to be beneficial for the organizers of mega events. The study is limited in scope due to sample size and accessibility issues but delivers to the two research questions it is based on, draws out key implications for risk management, and also, reflects on the Games themselves as sequential settings that belong to a larger set of mega events. Such events due to their sequential nature of occurrence- have tremendous opportunity to learn for performance improvement. Preface This study has been helped tremendously by online portals as data sources especially Highbeam.com, and also, the House of Commons Committee of Public Accounts reports to do with Olympic Games. Guidance and orientation received from the University have been very helpful in organizing this study. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to friends and family for their co-operation during my busy days while conducting this study. Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1 Background Since the decision for revival of the Olympic movement at the behest of Baron Pierre de Coubertin in Sorbonne, in Paris in 1894, the Olympic movement has come a long way. After nearly fifteen hundred years the first games in Athens were held in 1896. The chronology has come a full circle with the Athens Games on 2004. Over this time frame the Olympic movement is a signifier of prestige and also political clout. However, as with all forms of growth and maturity in a continuously changing world problems and issues have reshaped time and again to challenge the smooth execution of Olympic Games and their perception in minds of the global audience whether it be the public or the governments or also, the sportsperson and organisers. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has made sure through instruments, producers, rules and routines that it controls the aspects of these mega events – the primary focus being to maintain them not only as the top sporting event but also ‘the ’ mega-event that has no comparable competitor (Hill, 1992). This mandate of size, scope and ambition brings with it an ever more complex environment. The risk of poor performance is associated with such complexity that is difficult to understand and distil into delivery concerns. The internal facets not withstanding, constant challenges like the unpredictability but at the same time likelihood and associated concern of events such as acts of terrorism compound the interface with externalities. The impact of the socio-economic frame of reference at Game sites, the expectations of the IOC and other stakeholders on the reputation and legacy front et al., provide a platter that has a risk quotient attached to every aspect. The management of this risk is critical to carry the movement forward as a successful global phenomenon that brings together people in a fulfilling manner driven by healthy sporting camaraderie. This dissertation examines risk areas in Olympic Games with an objective to arrive at a risk framework and then derive the relative importance of different risk areas. Using evidence from published sources it also tries to contextualize shortcomings in management of such risk and potential solutions that can help moderate risk. In this frame of reference, the dissertation makes an implicit case for contextualizing and assessing learning from past experience, and the shape of the current schema of risk management for London Olympics, 2012. 1.2 Research Questions The central research questions that drive this study are as follows: 1. What is the relative critically of areas of risk that are associated with the Olympic Games? 2. What are the shortcomings in existing ways of managing risks? How can these shortcomings be addressed? 1.3 Dissertation Outline This chapter sets the mandate for the study and is followed by a literature review that looks at risk from a mega event perspective and in context of Olympic games in particular. The third chapter outlines the approach and methodology for this dissertation. Among other aspects of data and sample selection it provides a perspective of textual analysis and other allied techniques used for interpreting the same. The fourth chapter presents the research findings under different research questions. A relative criticality of risk areas based on the risk framework /typology in the literature review section is arrived at. The orientation of shortcomings and recommendations in the sample articles is also presented. The findings are then taken forward to a research discussion chapter where the implications of the findings are taken forward for Olympic Games as a case of mega events. The dissertation concludes by providing a snapshot of study achievements, limitations of the study, and leads for future research. Chapter 2. Literature Review 2.1. Introduction ‘Mega-events’ are way for cities, nations and economies to further their development agendas. Olympic Games no doubt belong to this fold of events and probably the most significant of them all. The reputational and economic effects on cities of hosting the Games have been well-documented (e.g., Andranovich, Burbank Heying, 2001; Miyazaki Morgan, 2001). However, there is much more work to be done in scoping the risk that is associated with these games. Aside from the fiscal debacle of the Montreal Olympics, right from the onset of the modern Olympics, critical situations have afflicted the games. Political factors have had a role to play with the Nazi bandwagon riding the 1936 Olympics, disruptions through the Wars, and also, anti-apartheid and cold war boycotts. Munich and Atlanta Olympics on the other hand encountered terrorism reshaping the security connotations forever (Burton, 2003). Hosting the Olympic Games requires a range actors and institutions to come together and the risk of management that such diversity brings with it is also considerable. While the rewards for the community remain high e.g., like being labeled an Olympic world class city the risks of failure are equally great both in the execution of the games, and the stigma that such failure may bring to the community, management and the government. Rationalizing, motivating and organizing remain key to risk control in addition to the unpredictable externalities that may impact such events (Ansell, 1997). In the next section I discuss the Risk from a perspective of distilling a typology that can closely approximate the numerous variables that associate with a mega event. There after I discuss Olympic risk in the specific context of Olympic Games and the games to be held in London in 2012. 2.2. Risk and Mega Events The idea of risk is very subjective and highly contingent on the situation and area in question. The understanding of risk as the probability of loss is very macro. This probability is sometimes complex to diagnose as the involved variables are subjective and the probability itself is to make it ambiguous-uncertain. Furthermore, risk is also a matter of significance and relative consequence that various negative influences bring upon an initiative or institution (Tannert et al, 2007). A discussion to arrive at a typology of risk that is comprehensive and suitable to be considered for mega event scenarios needs to start with Enterprise Risk Management (ERM). With its moorings in financial engineering of risk, ERM covers risk associated with all organisational and institutional silos whether insurance, financial or in general- operational issues. The detailed risk maps that inhabit the increased awareness about risk are now even more important especially in light of the externalities and unpredictable that have been re-emphasized in the aftermath of 9/11. These range from a risk typology that involves interest rates to even more subjective reputational risk aspects. Furthermore, risk is more associative and less silo-ed as the consequences ricochet for the whole organisation or institutional system that may comprise multiple organisational entities as in mega events – thus culminating into macro level strategic risk frame also (Ahlquist, 2003; Barnoff, 2004). Risk management can be seen at several levels in the case of institutional mechanisms (Quarantelli, 19988; Horlick-Jones et al.; 2001; Kunreuther et al. 1995; Tarlow, 2002): : Stemming from externalities with some predictability consensus associated with them. For instance, political-legal, economic, and also social Stemming from externalities with very less or no consensus on the predictability like natural calamities and terrorism (different from perceived likelihood. For instance, an act of terrorism may be likely but cannot really be predicted as against the earlier type!) Institutionalization and legacy risk Corporate/institutional risk that stems from integrating multiple parties into the management- decision frame. The challenge is to effectively work on negotiation and on the complex pattern of alignment of different stakeholder objectives. For instance, given multiple organisational systems that comprises institutional mechanisms for mega events. Reputational risk are a part of this risk in the main but also can stem from other types Operational risk -that could stem from supply chain management issues, sub-contracting issues, and work efficiency problems, among others. In the case of mega events another form of risk that has to do with the size and scope of the event, and is based on the premise that greater these are the more likely are the above likely to manifest themselves. This can be termed – ‘Event Complexity’ Risk (Ceniceros, 2001). Risk of managing information about risk is also an associated factor here. In the information age a lot of data is available on all risk related variables but this also makes the potential for complexity through multiple interpretations very likely. In the pursuit of information – intuition has lesser and lesser of a role to play. This becomes critical when the issue is of externalities with a low prediction quotient. 2.3. Risk at Olympic Games The idea of Olympism is ingrained in an institutional mechanism that integrates a legacy and numerous organisations when the legacy has to be taken forward in the form of other games. Beyond the exchanges and relationships that are contracted out to be economically meaningful the social, legacy and reputational aspects impart a â€Å"common meaning system† (Scott, 1995: 56). By extension the implications of risk become even more nuanced for Olympic Games. In part, because the baggage of ideology and thus the expectations being immense –more than probably any other mega event on the planet. The following snippets that emphasize this ‘expectation assertion’ and thus reflect not only on the nuanced nature of risk but also the risk of failure: The Olympic Games are subject to a most complex web of risk variables given the scope and expectations discussed so far. The categories of risk discussed in the previous section apply, and the aspect of ‘event complexity risk’ (Ceniceros, 2001) discussed before amplifies them in the context of Olympics. The legacy of Olympics marked by manifestation of externalities, strategic and operational issues all come together to shape an ever increasing concern for ‘things that can go wrong’ The Olympic Games are staged in collaboration with a given city. The consequences of how risk is managed are thus most important for the city and its people. The ramifications of course are nationwide. The connection is depicted in the naming of the Olympic Games Berlin 1936; Los Angeles 1984; Sydney 2000 et al.– it is the city that is associated with operationalisation of the Games, and also has its own mascot, emblem et al. The communities both in administration and in public domain of host cities provide for the direction to the initiative in the specificities of control that are given to a city. It is this localized application of the global and time established mandate of Olympics that initiates the formation strategies, operations , delivery mechanisms and the relationships that comprise them within the host city and beyond it also. Finally, in turn, this impacts the host city and all stakeholders beyond and within its frame of reference through the performance of the Games and the legacy the Games leave behind (Burbank, 2001). In the run to London 2012 risk management has become a much codified and dwelled upon feature. However political lobbying and public sentiments some times take attention away from it. For instance, during the bidding evaluation process the London transport system was seen as having serious problems by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) – this was given a back seat in subsequent evaluation exercise. While provisions for risk are formally made as for the 2012 games, the provisions are but only token in light of the heightened risks of terrorism. Athens 2004 in particular -was also marked by delayed, rather ‘dangerously just in time’ completion of facilities. The experience has resulted in the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) imposing a master schedule that supervised ongoing progress (Burbank, 2001; Jennings, 2006). Sponsors and license fees are a key component of revenues and in light of the failure to adequately protect these in Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000 saw innovative strategies in place and the learning has continued to shape the delivery mechanism of the London 2012. Lessons from the past improve the delivery mechanism and the risk management apparatus, changing times require innovation to be continuous- proactive and not only in response to problems and failures of the past (Hamel, 1996). Increasingly most of the investment that is to help host the games is sold to the taxpayer as additional benefits or infrastructure improvements that would occur irrespective of winning the bid to host the games. Besides moderating most internal political and fiscal discontentment, this also contributes to ‘planning of a lasting tangible legacy’. This is one of the seven key risk areas identified by the House of Commons Committee of Public accounts (July, 2007). This list that highlights both the generic and specific concerns is adapted from the report with excerpts of comments from the House of Commons highlighting the nature of concern. It is important to note that many operational facets especially security span several of these listed areas like for instance ‘Coordination of the multiplicity of organizations and groups involved in the Games’ and ‘Delivering the Games against an immovable deadline’ among othersHouse of Commons (2007) The delivery of the London Olympic Games 2012 has been configured around two new bodies the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA), and the London Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games and Paralympics Games (LOCOG)- the former providing facilities, and the latter, staging the games. These bodies are supervised by the Olympic Board, and the Department for Culture, Media and Sport that comprises the Government Olympic. The number of bodies that link up to provide services feed into a complex supply chain which is not easily comprehendible but the delivery mechanism can be seen as follows: The complexity of the delivery mechanism and the even more nuanced supply chain has a knock on effect on the other listed factors- for example the timely delivery aspect is contingent upon the effectiveness of co-ordination. The timescale from securing the bid to eventual hosting is quite big- the resultant inflation and unpredictable external factors affect budgetary issues. On the other hand, the contractual procedures required to say for instance, harness fresh private sector funds make it cumbersome to source then with such re-estimates. One example of changing circumstances is heightened security risks that may also require re-estimates. The lottery money that is going into 2012 is being diverted from other just causes and such resource re-direction needs to come good in the future from surpluses created by the impetus of the games. Having a structured approach to supply chain management and recognizing the extensive processes that will be required to facilitate construction and reworks for instance- are key to effective management. Monitoring of progress via a steering group will help keep a check on the various cogs of the complex machine that also stems from the ‘master schedule’ requirement mentioned before (Jennings,2006). The lasting legacy issue is about reuse and sustainable orientation of facilities and infrastructural developments to generate a source of income over life. This is key to realizing long terms benefits from the impetus of the games. The discussion on the above that leads from the typology provided also suggests as range of micro factors that need to be put in context. As later in this dissertation – these micro factors that lie within the ambit of the typology are crucial to examine shortcomings and recommendations from web based archived publications. These micro risk areas can be listed as follows as mainly from the above discussion: Scheduling (the preparation flow from award of the games to being ready comfortably and in time) Infrastructure Quality (the quality of facilities and how customized they are to delivering the games) Sponsorship (a resource bracket that is not only about monetary issues but also to a degree about sanction) Licensing issues (the arrangements to appropriate services and rents) Security (issues to do with management of crowds in the old days now primarily about terrorism) Legacy (the impressionistic statements the Games make on the city-nation and the Games themselves) Resource opportunity cost (in light of other good causes) Coordination (in delivery) Extant literature that has dwelled on shortcomings and recommendations across some of these areas hints at resourcing, sanction from top and public support as driving variables towards addressing shortcomings related to the aforesaid areas. Toohey and Taylor (2007) for instance, have highlighted the role of public sentiments in shaping response to threats of terrorism. The impact of how fear, anger, optimism, and pessimism as attributes of such sentiment translate into the public ‘buying in’ to the organisers claims about the efficacy of security, were key as per their empirical analysis. In the risk management area the need for ‘special events to have special risk management’ mandates (Ceniceros, 2001) is propounded explicitly or implicitly in most literature. Such literature highlights the ‘event complexity’ issue that is a part of the typology propounded in this review based on literature. What such research also suggests is the need to be very explicit in fleshing out risk variables no matter how unconventional they may appear (McGee, 2006; Roche, 2006). The unconventionality is what has required me to distill a novel framework in typology and in micro areas in this literature review – to be examined and validated in the later chapters In the subsequent chapters I examine the Risk associated with Olympic Games. This is done in two complementary ways. I examine the perceptions about risk in recent past through a methodologically embedded analysis and then draw implications largely in context of the prospective frame London Olympics 2012. While the former provides for a perspective on relative criticality of risk areas, and how shortcomings and recommendations associated with it are tabled the latter provides a platform to contextualize the findings. In the parts of the dissertation to follow -data sources for this analysis and a detailed methodology are provided prior to analysis and findings of the study. Chapter 3. Approach Methodology 3.1. Introduction This dissertation is based on secondary data sources. Web based archival documents, and also literature that provides narratives of different Olympic Games have been used. In some cases, references to changes in the delivery mechanism in the aftermath of a critical incident in the preceding games, form basis to reflect on the genesis of approaches to risk management. In others, which are a majority, author perception and orientation are taken as an indicator of the risk and shortcomings of risk management at the mega events of Olympic Games. A detailed methodology as described and illustrated in this chapter tries to work on these in a robust manner. The listed areas of risk in general for mega events and contextualised to London 2012 games in the literature review- are taken as the bedrock to flesh out different factors that associate with each area. There are overlapping and micro factors like private funds generation, contractual arrangement for physical assets and security- but these have been worked at in an aggregated manner under the risk typology proposed. Some specific discussion on these follows under the findings section but the focus remains to generate a holistic risk perspective as per the research questions of this dissertation. An analysis based on web based published material using content analysis or textual analysis (as archival text is the frame of reference) informs this dissertation. This is on a sample of articles in leading newspapers and periodicals on Olympics Games. The content analysis technique will make use of phrases, concepts, and their meaning to elucidate which are prime areas relating to risk concern and how the related factors are perceived. There is an opportunity to see cultural variations not only over time but over samples that belong to different parts of the world but the lack in spread in articles has defeated this additional objective – not affecting the addressal of the research questions. Textual analysis bases itself on the extent of occurrence and also on the implied meaning as in opinions voiced and intended (Lecompte et al., 1992). The data codes generated have been processed using statistical tools as described later in the chapter. As stated, after presenting the r esearch findings in the chapter to follow, the relative criticality of risk factors is discussed primarily in light of London 2012 and mega events in general later in this dissertation. 3.2. Data The sample of popular newspaper and periodical articles under content-textual analysis was expected to be about 50 over the last five years, given that we need to examine contemporary- relative importance of risk areas and factors. I have been able to locate 51 articles that are of relevance after going through nearly 200 articles to generate this shortlist. The sampling can thus be classified as judgmental. As mentioned, a regional classification was also intended but lack of articles that were comparable from the Asian and African perspective did not allow for this. The popularity weighing has also been done away with given this modification in selection criteria brought upon by access and availability issues – new criteria drawing to some degree on discourse architecture by a lead thinker in the field of semiotics- Foucault as described later is used for assigning weights. Archival information from the House of Commons Committee of Public accounts (HC) is available and upda ted version(s) have been used to support the comparison between content analysis findings and the risk assessment schema that exists. Though the Beijing games in 2008 were kept out of the frame of reference as material on these was rather limited, and also because the prospective frame was intended to be the London Olympics- some articles inevitably referred to the forthcoming Beijing Games as well. 3.3. Textual Analysis Textual analysis is a form of content analysis where archival text is the platform for distilling meanings and implications. This includes online material. The analyses includes a perspective on the ‘intended’ vs. the ‘visible’ meanings and also the environment and players who enact the ‘transaction’ of the message.(Babbie, 1997). Textual analysis thus works in a frame of reference that seems to stem from ‘Semiotics’ of the study of meanings ( Bignell, 1997), is key to understanding such analytical approach. This is profiled here to draw on concepts that can be reflected in coding of the textual data. Roland Barthes (1915-1980) is the first key thinker here of course building upon the basics of semiotics propounded by Saussure (Barthes, 1954, 1967, 1975). He speaks of certain levels at which meanings are pegged – the explicit sign actually indicates a deeper meaning or implication. Among many others’ Michael Foucault is another important thinker – his views on the ‘context’ and the manner in which ‘discourse’ gets shaped both across time and within a given situation at a point in time have been much cited (Groden Kreiswirth 1994). 3.4. Methods in Analyses From the preceding discussion it can be summarised that the following are useful in setting out works for textual analysis: (Barthes amongst others) – looking at deeper meanings (Foucault) – looking at lineage and moorings support from past expressions The characteristics of the web based published articles are as below for profiling the analysis to give a snapshot of how the analysis has been conducted They are a form of written text that arise both in response to previous postings and also independently in context of a phenomenon or event. To this extends the signs can be primary or secondary. For instance, critiquing claims about the efficacy of arrangements at the proposed game or just objectively stating the resource input into risk management and the claims about how these are going to affect the games They can be quasi –primary signs at a particular point in time as they may refer not directly to the event but follow a line of thought from previous events that had temporarily terminated in the past. So signs can manifest themselves in dormant forms till they are called into play again. For instance, semblance to arrangements in Olympic games that were held far in the past So going back to our classification of risk in the preceding chapter: Stemming from externalities with some predictability associated with them. For instance, political-legal, economic, and also social Stemming from externalities with very less or no consensus on the predictability like natural calamities and terrorism (as argued before : a likelihood there but prediction is not possible) Institutionalization and legacy risk Corporate/institutional risk that stems from integrating multiple parties into the management- decision frame. The challenge is to effectively work on negotiation and on the complex pattern of alignment of different stakeholder objectives. For instance, given multiple organisational systems that comprises institutional mechanisms for mega events. Reputational risk are a part of this risk in the main but also can stem from other types Operational risk that could stem from supply chain management issues, sub-contracting issues, and work efficiency problems In the case of mega events another form of risk that has to do with the size and scope of the event, and is based on the premise that greater these are the more likely are the above likely to manifest themselves. This can be termed – ‘Event Complexity’ Risk Demonstrating analyses for coding: I will take snippets (some parts of articles) from the postings used and reflect on them. From the discussion presented, in the main, I will keep in mind the base concepts of Semiotics as by Saussure, extended by Barthes and the explanation provided by Foucault that discontinuity and lineage are characteristic of every discursive statement or published text. Here I explain how the article has been looked at to draw coding for analyses. The source URL article produced here which is by Sally Jenkins in the Washington Post. Only some parts of the article are reproduced below as in quotes italics for this demonstration purpose. â€Å"†¦.The thing to do with the Athens Games is to believe in them until were absolutely forced not to. Anyone who has a chance to go to the Olympics is asking themselves a plain question: Is the trip worth it? The answer is plainly, yes, if only because of a principle best expressed in The Greek Way, by Edith Hamilton. She wrote something that all American athletes should take note of: Civilization, a much abused word, stands for a high matter quite apart from telephones and electric lights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.This could be the motto of the Athens Games, given the delays in finishing stadiums, roads, and other infrastructure, and the explosion of three small bombs in the last two weeks. Nevertheless, its not a bad lesson, and its one that the more cosseted American athletes could use. In fact, maybe we could all do with some Greek culture†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦..Neither apparently do modern Greeks. Eighty percent of Greeks recently polled said they believe some kind of attack is inevitable. Fifty-two percent of Americans believe an attack is likely. U.S. Sen. Jon Kyle (R-Ariz.), the chairman of the Senate committee on terrorism, said the safest place to watch the Olympics is at home on television†¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦To date, no American athlete has withdrawn from the Games specifically because of security. But an NBA player is your best bet. The players are definitely concerned, Jermaine ONeal, the Indiana Pacers forward and a member of the U.S. team, told the Associated Press. Not even the Queen Mary seems to console Ray Allen, who cited the USS Cole, the American destroyer that was attacked by al-Qaeda in October 2002 and lost 17 sailors. The only thing I can think of, Allen said, is the battleship that got blown up†¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Hamilton wrote, For a hundred years Athens was a city where the great spiritual forces that war in mens minds flowed along together in peace; law and freedom, truth and religion, beauty and goodness, the objective and the subjective there was a truce to their eternal warfare and the result was the balance and clarity, the harmony and completeness, the word Greek has come to stand for . . . and in all Greek art there is an absence of struggle, a reconciling power, something of calm and serenity, the world has yet to see again. Or as an ancient poem says, Greece and her foundations are . . . built below the tide of war†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..† Source: When It Comes to Athens Youve Got to Be